The claims have been promoted by a number of fringe theorists and political opponents, often referred to as "birthers", some of whom filed unsuccessful lawsuits seeking to disqualify Obama from running for, or being sworn in as President, or to obtain additional proof that he is constitutionally qualified to hold the office of President. Some Republican elected officials have expressed skepticism about Obama's citizenship or have displayed a lack of willingness to acknowledge it. Republican members of the U.S. Congress and state assemblies have proposed and voted for legislation that would require presidential candidates to provide documentation of their qualifications to be president, including natural-born citizenship.
Belief in the conspiracy theories has persisted despite Obama's pre-election release of his official birth certificate from Hawaii in 2008, additional confirmation by the Hawaii Department of Health based on the original documents, and the April 2011 release of a certified copy of Obama's original Certificate of Live Birth (so-called long-form birth certificate). Other evidence of Obama's Hawaii birth has surfaced such as birth announcements published in August 1961 in two Hawaii newspapers. Polls conducted in 2010 suggested that at least one quarter of adult Americans doubted Obama's U.S. birth.
People who express doubts about Obama's eligibility or reject details about his early life are often informally called "birthers", a term that parallels the nickname "truthers" for adherents of 9/11 conspiracy theories. Birther conspiracy theorists reject at least some of the following facts about his early life:
Barack Obama was born on August 4, 1961, at Kapi'olani Maternity & Gynecological Hospital (now called Kapi'olani Medical Center for Women & Children) in Honolulu, Hawaii, to Ann Dunham, from Wichita, Kansas. and Barack Obama, Sr., a Luo from Nyang'oma Kogelo, Nyanza Province, Kenya Colony who was attending the University of Hawaii. Birth notices for Barack Obama were published in the Honolulu Advertiser on August 13 and the Honolulu Star-Bulletin on August 14, 1961. Obama's father's immigration file also clearly states Barack Obama being born in Hawaii. One of his high school teachers, who was acquainted with his mother at the time, remembered the day of his birth.
Obama's parents were divorced in 1964. He attended kindergarten in 1966�1967 at Noelani Elementary School in Honolulu. In 1967, his mother married Indonesian student Lolo Soetoro, who was also attending the University of Hawaii, and the family moved to Jakarta, Indonesia, where they remained until Obama was ten years old. Obama then returned to Honolulu to live with his maternal grandparents, Madelyn and Stanley Dunham and has resided continuously in the United States since 1971.
During the Democratic Party's 2008 presidential primaries, anonymous e-mails from supporters of Hillary Clinton surfaced that questioned Obama's citizenship in an attempt to revive Clinton's faltering primary election campaign. These and numerous other chain e-mails during the subsequent presidential election circulated false rumors about Obama's origin, religion and birth certificate.
Jim Geraghty of the conservative website National Review Online may have sparked further speculation on June 9, 2008, when he asked that Obama release his birth certificate. Geraghty wrote that releasing his birth certificate could debunk several false rumors circulating on the Internet, namely: that his middle name was originally Muhammad rather than Hussein; that his mother had originally named him "Barry" rather than "Barack"; and that Barack Obama, Sr. was not his biological father, as well as the rumor that Barack Obama was not a natural-born citizen.
Belief in the conspiracy theories has persisted despite Obama's pre-election release of his official birth certificate from Hawaii in 2008, additional confirmation by the Hawaii Department of Health based on the original documents, and the April 2011 release of a certified copy of Obama's original Certificate of Live Birth (so-called long-form birth certificate). Other evidence of Obama's Hawaii birth has surfaced such as birth announcements published in August 1961 in two Hawaii newspapers. Polls conducted in 2010 suggested that at least one quarter of adult Americans doubted Obama's U.S. birth.
People who express doubts about Obama's eligibility or reject details about his early life are often informally called "birthers", a term that parallels the nickname "truthers" for adherents of 9/11 conspiracy theories. Birther conspiracy theorists reject at least some of the following facts about his early life:
Barack Obama was born on August 4, 1961, at Kapi'olani Maternity & Gynecological Hospital (now called Kapi'olani Medical Center for Women & Children) in Honolulu, Hawaii, to Ann Dunham, from Wichita, Kansas. and Barack Obama, Sr., a Luo from Nyang'oma Kogelo, Nyanza Province, Kenya Colony who was attending the University of Hawaii. Birth notices for Barack Obama were published in the Honolulu Advertiser on August 13 and the Honolulu Star-Bulletin on August 14, 1961. Obama's father's immigration file also clearly states Barack Obama being born in Hawaii. One of his high school teachers, who was acquainted with his mother at the time, remembered the day of his birth.
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Jim Geraghty of the conservative website National Review Online may have sparked further speculation on June 9, 2008, when he asked that Obama release his birth certificate. Geraghty wrote that releasing his birth certificate could debunk several false rumors circulating on the Internet, namely: that his middle name was originally Muhammad rather than Hussein; that his mother had originally named him "Barry" rather than "Barack"; and that Barack Obama, Sr. was not his biological father, as well as the rumor that Barack Obama was not a natural-born citizen.
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